Difference between braced and unbraced column?

Column is basically a vertical structure, which helps to transfer the load from top to bottom in a framed structure. Specifically columns transfer the load from top floors, ceiling or

Column and its different types

Column is basically a vertical structure, which helps to transfer the load from top to bottom in a framed structure. Specifically columns transfer the compressive load from top floors, ceiling

Cracks in beams | Flexure crack and Shear crack

In any structural system crack arises because of stress in the structural system. Failure of a reinforced concrete beam in flexural shear will not result in a sudden failure. But

When do we need doubly reinforced beams ?

As the name implies doubly reinforced beams means we are providing the reinforcement in both the zones. In the case of a beam the zone is basically compression and tension